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Parajuly, Keshav; Wenzel, Henrik (May 2017). "Product Family Approach in E-Waste Management: A Conceptual Framework for Circular Economy". Sustainability. 9 (5): 768. doi: 10.3390/su9050768. ISSN 2071-1050. The Netherlands set a plan of action for circular economy in 2016 and have been doing additional efforts for a transition towards a 100% circular economy by 2050 (and 50% by 2030). The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research estimates that a full shift towards Circular Economy will, at the long term, generate not less than 7.3 billion euros and 540,000 new jobs in the sector. The work will be developed around the five pillars mentioned above: plastics, biomass and food, the construction sector, the manufacturing industry, and consumer goods. [229] The government has also put a fund in place to facilitate and accelerate the shift. These funds are part of the 300 million € annually spent by the government for climate-related decisions and actions. The envelope is also completed by the ministry of infrastructure, which allocated €40 million for circular economy-related actions in 2019 and 2020. Other actions such as an allocation of subsidies for enterprises that make change or invest in the field have been taken. Initiatives at the subnational level are also encouraged and regions such as Groningen, Friesland, the Northern Netherlands, etc. ere taking actions to not only reduce their environmental impact but accelerate and accentuate their actions towards Circular economy. [246] The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg [ edit ] Lansink, Ad (2015). "From waste-to resource-management: Waste management and circular economy: a critical analysis" (PDF). Recycling.com. Recycling Vision B.V . Retrieved 24 September 2022. Focusing on the most resource-intensive sectors with a high potential to contribute to the circular economy.
Outside the EU, countries such as Brazil, China, Canada, the US and especially Japan are working on the shift towards it. [233] Lund University [Press Release] (Sep 29, 2021). "Circular economy is not the panacea many had hoped for". Lund University. Archived from the original on 2021-09-29 . Retrieved October 7, 2021.The European leaders in terms of circular economy are designated mostly by their current efforts for a shift towards circular economy but also by their objectives and the means implemented in this shift. It remains difficult to precisely rank how countries score in terms of circular economy, given the many principles and aspects of it and how differently one single country can score in each of these principles but some tendencies do appear in the average score, when combining the principles. [ citation needed] Towards the Circular Economy Vol. 3: Accelerating the scale-up across global supply chains | Shared by Business". emf.thirdlight.com . Retrieved 2021-12-06. Morseletto, Piero (2020). "Restorative and regenerative: Exploring the concepts in the circular economy". Journal of Industrial Ecology. 24 (4): 763–773. doi: 10.1111/jiec.12987. ISSN 1530-9290. S2CID 203500060. Simple economic models have ignored the economy-environment interrelationships. Allan Kneese in " The Economics of Natural Resources" indicates how resources are not endlessly renewable, and mentions the term circular economy for the first time explicitly in 1988. [33] Complex and certified engineering systems however include many of the smaller products encountered on a daily basis, for example bicycles and household appliances. Implementing the principles of circularity requires all engineering design teams to take a lifecycle approach to the product.
Circular business models are enabled by circular supply chains. In practice, collaboration for circular supply chains can enable the creation, transfer, and/or capture of value stemming from circular business solutions. Collaboration in supply chains can extend to downstream and upstream partners, and include existing and new collaboration. [96] Similarly, circular supply chain collaboration allows innovation into the circular business model, focusing on its processes, products, or services. [97] Digital circular economy [ edit ] Smart circular economy framework [98] The construction sector is one of the world's largest waste generators. The circular economy appears as a helpful solution to diminish the environmental impact of the industry. PACE is a coalition of CEOs and Ministers—including the leaders of global corporations like IKEA, Coca-Cola, Alphabet Inc., and DSM, governmental partners and development institutions from Denmark, The Netherlands, Finland, Rwanda, UAE, China, and beyond. [110] [111] Initiatives currently managed under PACE include the Capital Equipment Coalition with Philips and numerous other partners [112] [113] [114] and the Global Battery Alliance with over 70 partners. [115] [116] In January 2019, PACE released a report entitled "A New Circular Vision for Electronics: Time for a Global Reboot" (in support of the United Nations E-waste Coalition. [117] [118] The proposal has been widely publicised in BBC-TV press information circulars sent to 1,800 newspapers. Tecchio, Paolo; McAlister, Catriona; Mathieux, Fabrice; Ardente, Fulvio (1 December 2017). "In search of standards to support circularity in product policies: A systematic approach". Journal of Cleaner Production. 168: 1533–1546. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.198. ISSN 0959-6526. PMC 5656090. PMID 29200663.
Researchers have developed recycling-routes for 200 industrial waste chemicals into important drugs and agrochemicals, for productive reuse that reduces disposal costs and hazards to the environment. [209] [210] A study has called for new molecules and materials for products with open-environmental applications, such as pesticides, that can be neither circulated nor recycled and provides a set of guidelines on how to integrate chemistry into a circular economy. [211] Circular developments around the world [ edit ] Overview [ edit ] The Action plan was also a way to integrate a policy framework, an integration of existing policies and legal instruments. It includes notably some amendments. [139] As a matter of fact, the implementation of this new plan was supported by the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC). This support included in-depth consultation. [223] Circular Economy Action Plan of 2020 [ edit ] Nobre, Gustavo Cattelan; Tavares, Elaine (2021-09-10). "The quest for a circular economy final definition: A scientific perspective". Journal of Cleaner Production. 314: 127973. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127973. ISSN 0959-6526. a b Scott, W. Richard (2008). Institutions and Organization: Ideas and Interest (Thirded.). Stanford University: Sage Publications. pp.50–51. ISBN 978-1-4129-5090-9.
Circular Design - Design for Circular Economy" (PDF) . Retrieved 29 May 2022. {{ cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( help) Calisto Friant, Martin; Vermeulen, Walter J. V.; Salomone, Roberta (2020-10-01). "A typology of circular economy discourses: Navigating the diverse visions of a contested paradigm". Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 161: 104917. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104917. ISSN 0921-3449. S2CID 222121823. a b Lienig, Jens; Bruemmer, Hans (2017). "Recycling Requirements and Design for Environmental Compliance". Fundamentals of Electronic Systems Design. Springer. pp.193–218. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-55840-0_7. ISBN 978-3-319-55839-4.a b Ghisellini, Patrizia; Cialani, Catia; Ulgiati, Sergio (2016-02-15). "A review on circular economy: the expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems". Journal of Cleaner Production. Towards Post Fossil Carbon Societies: Regenerative and Preventative Eco-Industrial Development. 114: 11–32. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.007. ISSN 0959-6526. Collaboration with municipalities, at the subnational level, to encourage them to become more circular; [247]
At a government level, CE is viewed as means of combating global warming, as well as a facilitator of long-term growth. [10] CE may geographically connect actors and resources to stop material loops at the regional level. [11] In its core principle, the European Parliament defines CE as, "a model of production and consumption, which involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and products as long as possible. In this way, the life cycle of products is extended." [3] By the year 2050, 9.3 billion tonnes of CO 2 equivalent (equal to all current emissions from transportation), can be reduced by implementing circular economy strategies in five sectors: cement, aluminum, steel, plastics, and food. [12] [13] [14] On 17 December 2012, the European Commission published a document entitled "Manifesto for a Resource Efficient Europe". [212] The circular economy includes products, infrastructure, equipment and services, [49] and applies to every industry sector. It includes 'technical' resources (metals, minerals, fossil resources) and 'biological' resources (food, fibres, timber, etc.). [20] Most schools of thought advocate a shift from fossil fuels to the use of renewable energy, and emphasize the role of diversity as a characteristic of resilient and sustainable systems. The circular economy includes a discussion of the role of money and finance as part of the wider debate, and some of its pioneers have called for a revamp of economic performance measurement tools. [50] One study points out how modularisation could become a cornerstone to enabling a circular economy and enhancing the sustainability of energy infrastructure. [51] One example of a circular economy model is the implementation of renting models in traditional ownership areas (e.g. electronics, clothes, furniture, transportation). By renting the same product to several clients, manufacturers can increase revenues per unit, thus decreasing the need to produce more to increase revenues. Recycling initiatives are often described as circular economy and are likely to be the most widespread models. [50]Decision making about the circular economy can be performed on the operational (connected with particular parts of the production process), tactical (connected with whole processes) and strategic (connected with the whole organization) levels. It may concern both construction companies as well as construction projects (where a construction company is one of the stakeholders). [ citation needed]
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