a b c d "Hummingbirds' 22-million-year-old history of remarkable change is far from complete". ScienceDaily. 3 April 2014 . Retrieved 30 September 2014. A traditional children’s toy , this spinning top toy is easy to use: just pump the handle and watch and listen as the humming noise builds and builds! The humming top will make a fantastic addition to any nursery, toy box or playroom. The average lifespan of a ruby-throated hummingbird is estimated to be 3-5 years, with most deaths occurring in yearlings, [22] although one banded ruby-throated hummingbird lived for 9 years and 2 months. [23] Bee hummingbirds live 7-10 years. [15] Population estimates and threatened species [ edit ] Use and duration of torpor vary among hummingbird species and are affected by whether a dominant bird defends territory, with nonterritorial subordinate birds having longer periods of torpor. [129] A hummingbird with a higher fat percentage will be less likely to enter a state of torpor compared to one with less fat, as a bird can use the energy from its fat stores. [120] Torpor in hummingbirds appears to be unrelated to nighttime temperature, as it occurs across a wide temperature range, with energy savings of such deep sleep being more related to the photoperiod and duration of torpor. [120] Lifespan [ edit ] Such toys have been used since antiquity in solitary or competitive games, where each player tries to keep one's top spinning for as long as possible, or achieve some other goal. Some tops have faceted bodies with symbols or inscriptions, and are used like dice to inject randomness into games, or for divination and ritual purposes.

Rico-Guevara, A.; Araya-Salas, M. (2015). "Bills as daggers? A test for sexually dimorphic weapons in a lekking hummingbird". Behavioral Ecology. 26 (1): 21–29. doi: 10.1093/beheco/aru182. Hummingbirds have exceptional visual acuity providing them with discrimination of food sources while foraging. [75] Although hummingbirds are thought to be attracted to color while seeking food, such as red flowers or artificial feeders, experiments indicate that location and flower nectar quality are the most important " beacons" for foraging. [217] [218] Hummingbirds depend little on visual cues of flower color to beacon to nectar-rich locations, but rather they use surrounding landmarks to find the nectar reward. [219] [220] [221]Ksepka, Daniel T.; Clarke, Julia A.; Nesbitt, Sterling J.; Kulp, Felicia B.; Grande, Lance (2013). "Fossil evidence of wing shape in a stem relative of swifts and hummingbirds (Aves, Pan-Apodiformes)". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 280 (1761): 1761. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2013.0580. PMC 3652446. PMID 23760643.

Of the 15 species of North American hummingbirds that inhabit the United States and Canada, [2] several have changed their range of distribution, while others showed declines in numbers since the 1970s, [2] [3] including in 2023 with dozens of hummingbird species in decline. As of the 21st century, rufous, Costa's, calliope, broad-tailed, and Allen's hummingbirds are in significant decline, some losing as much as 67% of their numbers since 1970 at nearly double the rate of population loss over the previous 50 years. [2] [3] [25] The ruby-throated hummingbird population – the most populous North American hummingbird – decreased by 17% over the early 21st century. [3] Habitat loss, glass collisions, cat predation, pesticides, and possibly climate change affecting food availability, migration signals, and breeding are factors that may contribute to declining hummingbird numbers. [2] [25] By contrast, Anna's hummingbirds had large population growth at an accelerating rate since 2010, [3] and expanded their range northward to reside year-round in cold winter climates. [26] Superficially similar species [ edit ] Hummingbirds do not spend all day flying, as the energy cost would be prohibitive; the majority of their activity consists simply of sitting or perching. Hummingbirds eat many small meals and consume around half their weight in nectar (twice their weight in nectar, if the nectar is 25% sugar) each day. [188] Hummingbirds digest their food rapidly due to their small size and high metabolism; a mean retention time less than an hour has been reported. [189] Hummingbirds spend an average of 20% of their time feeding and 75–80% sitting and digesting. [190] Metal spinning humming top, which emits a humming noise as it turns, changing in volume and tone depending on the speed. Hummingbirds split from other members of Apodiformes, the insectivorous swifts (family Apodidae) and treeswifts (family Hemiprocnidae), about 42 million years ago, probably in Eurasia. [8] Despite their current New World distribution, the earliest species of hummingbird occurred in the early Oligocene ( Rupelian about 34–28 million years ago) of Europe, belonging to the genus Eurotrochilus, having similar morphology to modern hummingbirds. [9] [40] [41] Phylogeny [ edit ] A phylogenetic tree unequivocally indicates that modern hummingbirds originated in South America, with the last common ancestor of all living hummingbirds living around 22 million years ago. [8]Provatidis, Christopher, G. (2012). Revisiting the Spinning Top, International Journal of Materials and Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp.71–88 (ISSN Online: 2164-280X, ISSN Print: 2162-0695) Clark, C.J.; Dudley, R. (2009). "Flight costs of long, sexually selected tails in hummingbirds". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 276 (1664): 2109–115. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0090. PMC 2677254. PMID 19324747. Fjeldså, J.; Heynen, I. (1999). Genus Oreotrochilus. In: del Hoyo, J., A. Elliott, & J. Sargatal. eds. (1999). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 5. Barn-owls to Hummingbirds. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. pp.623–624. ISBN 84-87334-25-3. a b c d e f g h i "What is a hummingbird?". Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute. 2023 . Retrieved 7 March 2023.

a b c d e f g h McGuire, J.; Witt, C.; Remsen, J.V.; Corl, A.; Rabosky, D.; Altshuler, D.; Dudley, R. (2014). "Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds". Current Biology. 24 (8): 910–916. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016. PMID 24704078. Hummingbirds are highly sensitive to stimuli in their visual fields, responding to even minimal motion in any direction by reorienting themselves in midflight. [77] [78] [80] Their visual sensitivity allows them to precisely hover in place while in complex and dynamic natural environments, [80] functions enabled by the lentiform nucleus which is tuned to fast-pattern velocities, enabling highly-tuned control and collision avoidance during forward flight. [77] Song, vocal learning, and hearing [ edit ] Complex songs of male wedge-tailed sabrewing hummingbirds ( Campylopterus curvipennis) in mating leks of eastern Mexico [81] During cold temperatures, Anna's hummingbirds gradually gain weight during the day as they convert sugar to fat. [118] [119] In addition, hummingbirds with inadequate stores of body fat or insufficient plumage are able to survive periods of subfreezing weather by lowering their metabolic rate and entering a state of torpor. [120] The heart rate of hummingbirds can reach as high as 1,260 beats per minute, a rate measured in a blue-throated hummingbird with a breathing rate of 250 breaths per minute at rest. [6] [103] Heat dissipation [ edit ] Spin The Magic' revealed as Junior Eurovision 2022 theme". junioreurovision.tv. 2022-09-26 . Retrieved 2022-09-26.Sibley, Charles Gald; Ahlquist, Jon Edward (1990). Phylogeny and classification of birds. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. Battle Flapper | Bomb Hawk | Cannon Flapper | Egg Bishop | Egg Hammer | Egg Pawn | Egg Pawn Bunny | Egg Pawn Manager (gun) | Egg Pawn Manager (SF gun) | Falco | Flapper | Gun Hunter | Klagen | Knight Pawn | Laser Flapper | Rhino Cannon | Sea Pawn | Solid Pawn Abrahamczyk, S.; Renner, S.S. (2015). "The temporal build-up of hummingbird/plant mutualisms in North America and temperate South America". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 15: 104. doi: 10.1186/s12862-015-0388-z. PMC 4460853. PMID 26058608.